These summaries were prepared by McGuireWoods LLP lawyer Thomas E. Spahn. They are based on the letter opinions issued by the Virginia State Bar. Any editorial comments reflect Mr. Spahn's current personal views, and not the opinions of the Virginia State Bar, McGuireWoods or its clients.

LEO Num	Topics	Summary
0587	27-Litigation Tactics (Including Misrepresentations, Tape Recordings) 29-Advancing Fees and Costs	[WITHDRAWN 11/18/21] A lawyer may pay witnesses for the reasonable value of time they have expended, as long as the payment is not an inducement to testify and is not contingent on the outcome of the case; and the lawyer's client remains ultimately responsible for the bill. [Rule 1.8(e)(2) exempts indigent clients from this requirement.]

Copyright 2000, Thomas E. Spahn